which is its completeness of the calculably secure establishing of objects and the securing of the calculability of our reckoning with them. The choices made by parents and students indicate what we consider to be knowledge of value. When we compare the latest I-Phones to what appeared previously, what counts for improvements are the greater number of apps that are applicable to making our everyday encounters more efficient and reliable. How might the context in which knowledge is presented influence whether it is accepted or rejected? This demonstrates the truth of the old saying that one is willing to insist on the authenticity of something the more one pays for it even though that authenticity is highly questionable. It is an awareness or a familiarity with a subject be it theoretical or practical. It is an important element in the seeing place implied in the word theory and is that which one must rise above (according to Plato in the allegory of the Cave and Simone Weil in her writings) and yet remain, at the same time, rooted to (the return of the released prisoner in the allegory of the Cave). The roles of the media in its various forms is something that will need to be addressed. What is considered unknowable is where the search for knowledge begins so that they can become known; but notice that they will become known as things. A culture is the way of life: the customs, civilization, achievement and values of a particular group of people at a particular time. The truth of a principle can never be proved from its result. What is this? If one follows through on this distinction between ignorance and madness, one can see that a great deal of madness is prevalent today in advanced societies. This object is included in this exhibition because it shows how credible an article can become based on an individual's beliefs or values. An old story which Plato speaks about in his Theaetetus is that Thales, while occupied in studying the heavens above and looking up, fell into a well. Skills are know how, what the Greeks calledtechne. 19. The sign is what is referred to as a tautology. Our experience of the world is one of being amidst objects and all other determinations of the being of objects is precluded other than that established by the principle of sufficient reason. 22. In hindsight, we might say that the research into the making of atomic weaponry should not have been undertaken given the outcomes of their capabilities. 128 7 He asserts that the American Constitution and his reading of the FederalistPapers#65 by Hamilton allow the President to act in any manner he deems fit regarding his re-election as long as that action is in the public interest. Plato sees the illness and ugliness of the soul as requiring a catharsis or purification. The prompt indicates that human beings live within grounds or reasons and we view the objects of our world in terms of possibilities and potentialities. Opinion is an orientation towards things as they would show themselves to a correct investigation and examination. Adequate evidence means that the evidence provided is correct. For knowledge to be accumulated and disseminated there must be both a communicator of the knowledge and an audience of hearers. (about 100 words) In the Theory of Knowledge exhibition, I will be talking about the three objects of my choice and the prompt I have linked them to. Modern machine technology looks to science, to scientific, empirical, practical, reliable, proven facts and is not guided by murky theory. 23. An adequate or good explanation usually suffices to end the ire of that tyrant that calls himself/herself a teacher! The Natural Sciences: Historical Background. 27. it is the point of something, the purpose or end goal of something from which we can add up the parts to make a whole. Technology istheoretical;the practical applications, its instrumentality, is secondary to this primary theoretical viewing. These are written about at length in other entries in this blog and reviewing them might be helpful with your Exhibition under this prompt. This prompt is very similar in nature to prompt #19 i.e. Darwin and Nietzsche: Part V: The World as Life and Becoming: Darwin and Nietzsche: Part VI: What is Practical Need? It is obvious that such seeing of possibilities and potentialities is dependent upon the techneof the technological viewing and those who proceed with unethical actions will do so because they believe some personal end which will bring about their own personal eudaimoniaor happiness will be the result, and they will do so under a sense of duty or be just following the orders of their superiors. are established so that there is little room to discuss the objects and their being that are under scrutiny. The philosophical tradition believed that there was a knowledge which was accessible through reason that was permanent and unchanging, a truth that would be true in all times and all places about the most important things. What constraints are there on the pursuit of knowledge? 12. what will be claimed and becomes knowledge. To experience can be understood in many ways. your cognition of the things, should come to a greater light or understanding through this exercise. It is this gap in our knowledge of what is our own and what is not that is a great mystery for us if we give thought to it. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects. This evidence or explanation will find its grounds in the principle of sufficient reason. The demands of the principle of rendering sufficient reasons creates the lack of clarity and confusion in our actions, our ethics. The students asked questions like 'What is the relationship between knowledge and culture?' or 'Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs?'. This is a challenging task and I've created a blog post explaining how you to get all of the marks on these here ). It is very important that your exhibition is based on one of the prescribed prompts. the permanent, unchanging things in contrast to the things that change. The concreteness of the Exhibition itself is a product of your work and you will provide the first order descriptions of the images and things you have chosen. Any image of medicinal healing of any type can answer the questions of for whom (human beings) and for what purposes (health) because health is determined to be a good end or purpose and it has value for us. Technology, understood as instrumentality, is a matter of ends and means. The truth of a principle can never be proved from its result. The belief of the first type is axiomaticin that it is based upon first principles or self-evident truths. Why, for example, are we obliged to preserve panda bears in conditions that are far better than most human beings in the world? The handing over of knowledge is done through language and this language may be in the form of speech, numbers, or images/representations. Part IX: Darwin/Nietzsche: Otherness, Owingness, And Nihilism: Nietzsche/Darwin Part VIII: Truth as Justice: 28. Once again remember that technology is the theory not merely the instruments that technology has produced i.e. It is assessed internally, but moderated externally. Quantum physics challenges what we have understood historically as causality and the role of reason in understanding the world about us, but because its results are reliable and dependable we can count on those results as giving us all that we need to know. What counts as good evidence for a knowledge claim is demonstrated by the manner in which that claim is grounded i.e. To what areas of knowledge do the images/objects you have chosen belong? Infatuation is that love of the beauty which is in the eye of the beholder. To experiment is where we intervene in something to see what happens: if we do such and such, only now we do so in anticipation of regularity, e.g. What we have called objectivity in this writing is a legacy from the German philosopher Kant and his transcendental method and how this thinking was interpreted by the English-speaking empiricists. Does all knowledge impose ethical obligations on those who know it? This calculus also determines how we view a work of art and gives rise simultaneously, during the 17th and 18th centuries, to the theory of aesthetics, how we view, define and subsequently speak about art and beauty. Education is the experience of the leading out or leading forth, experience understood as, or of, an external, objective event, and the lessons one learns from such events. atoms or historical figures, varies with our prior conception of their being. This can be done through perception and calculation. What is the relationship between personal experience and knowledge? To whom or to what are we obliged to them and why? no knowledge is permanent, and this is quite contrary to how the Greeks understood knowledge as in sophia and episteme; they understood that some things are permanent. In what ways do values affect the production of knowledge? Our understandings and interpretations of our experiences are, for the most part, culturally determined and this is what we have come to call shared knowledge. Presumed familiarity with something is the proper origin of deception and error. Our science as the theory of the real is just such a belief. Knowing the audience is the recognition that we are beings in bodies. 26. Here are some links that might be useful in discussing the key concepts of your Exhibition regarding this topic: CT 1: Knowledge and Reason as Empowering and Empowerment. image/object #1 is like or as image/object #2, and so on. Clearly, not knowing how a hand phone works is not an indication of madness on our part, but then what is the knowledge that is being spoken about by Socrates? What constraints are there on the pursuit of knowledge? are also objects that could come under consideration with this prompt. Aleksandra Sachajko Confederate battle flag Since 1861 the Confederate flag has been a symbol of the American white supremacy, which is a belief that the white race is pure and superior to other races. A central feature of tragic literature in the West is that it gives us a view of the implications of what results when knowledge is lacking, particularly self-knowledge. Your email address will not be published. Your TOK exhibition is worth 35% of the grade. Judgement itself is nottruth; judgement is only true when the reason for the connection is specified, when theratioor account is given. A central feature of tragic literature in the West is that it gives us a view of the implications of what results when knowledge is lacking, particularly self-knowledge. Exhibition. We impose laws to determine our behaviours in our communities. Originally it did not have any connection with numbers, per se. In your analysis of your chosen prompt, you need to determine whether or not it is a first-order question and therefore a description or explanation, or whether or not it is a second order question and therefore involves the nature of knowledge, the type of knowledge involved, and how we know. Reasons must be given for the claims being made. This is really what the writings of this entire blog are about; and this is where thought begins, not where it is finished. This fundamental experience of how things are comes to determine for us the manner in which we look at and experience the things we encounter here in the modern age. They. how the questions of what, how and why are sufficiently answered and the thing about which the claim is being made is sufficiently brought to light and handed over to others. Dianoiais that thinking which brings separate things together and allows those things to be seen as units, ones or monads. Current research into AI, artificial intelligence, is being questioned because so much of it is occurring beyond good and evil or beyond ethical considerations. The material tools, the instruments, come after technology establishes its dominion in the realm of beings. Reasons must be rendered to human beings who determine objects as objects by way of a representation that judges. World-view comes from the German Weltanschauung which is formed from Welt, world, and Anschauung, view, etc., and means view of, outlook on, the world. But what about the things that are about us? It is a logical relation between two propositions that fails to hold only if the first is true and the second is false; or it can bea logical relationship between two propositions in which if the first is true, the second must also be true. . There may be some dispute over the language used to communicate these conclusions, but this is avoided when the language used is mathematical calculus. For Plato, the truelogosis silent to the soul which does not have the possibility of hearing it i.e. While the perceived value of a product or a brand in the past usually accrued over time, nowadays the value of a product is truly in the eyes of a beholder rather than in the usefulness or good of the product itself. This rendering is done through language of some kind. First order claims are those that are made within particular areas of knowledge or by individual knowers about the world, or in this specific case, about the importance of tools in producing knowledge and acquiring knowledge in the various areas of knowledge. She does not have the power within herself to restore health itself, but she can establish the conditions where nature restores the health required for the patient i.e. 6. Sophia and episteme arenot opinion because they are already complete i.e. Human being does not have a constant, project-independent understanding of itself: it first understands itself, or understands itself anew, after the projection. For more on the way of knowing involved in techne see the following links: Teacher A discussion of the various types of knowledge is given here: https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/mytok.blog/3676. Whenever we speak of the production of knowledge, we are speaking of the bringing forth of what was once hidden into presence so that we may see it face to face. If we speak of technology, the products of technology, our computers, hand phones, military hardware and logistics, these are all examples of the principle of reasons striving for perfectibility. What do these choices indicate? Affects, passions and feelings (the manner in which we conceive of emotion) are not to be seen as inner experiences: what we are concerned with here is not psychology, not even a psychology underpinned by physiology and biology, but . what you are getting your education for. For a thing to be in the first place, reason must supply its being and the thing must give itself back to the inquiring subject as being able to be known through calculation and measurement i.e. You are required to choose one prompt from the list below, and it must be exactly from this list and you cannot change the wording. Our interpretations of things may be complex requiring very specialized language from various areas of knowledge or it may be simple and be provided by what we might call sound common sense. Technology, understood as the principle of sufficient reason, is the guideline that governs all our relations to beings including our practical relations. Since discussions about art begin with questions of what the works are as objects, they are interpretations of the what, the how and why of the work that is present before us. They are the predications of the subject that we call knowledge. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects cscl star vessel flag autism and narcissism differences . We find such certainty and surety in the knowledge that results from mathematical calculation; that is, mathematical calculation is a predication of the subject knowledge i.e. It is concerned with the propernaming of the things. These second-order claims are justified using the principle of sufficient reason which usually involves an examination of the nature of the knowledge that you are investigating and the nature of the tools that are used to produce or acquire such knowledge. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? Even provisionally, we cannot say more than that in the field of modern atomic physics we have resigned ourselves, and we have done so because our representations are dependable. (Werner Heisenberg, The Picture of Nature in Contemporary Physics) The Natural Sciences as an Area of Knowledge. How does the way that we organize or classify knowledge affect what we know? This representational thinking, or visual thinking, determines howthe object stands i.e. When we ask what counts as knowledge, the language of the question should surprise us. This prompt speaks to the reasons or grounds that some actions should not be taken prior to reflection on their being undertaken presumably because the ends of those actions are not good ends. What is the truth that we are lacking in what we hold up as knowledge? Because not all of a work of art or a poem, for instance, can be accounted for through these calculations, we refer to our responses to them as subjective and we strive to give an account of the work which will overcome this subjectivity and will conform to the principle of sufficient reason, a giving of an adequate account with the evidence for such an account.Our mode of access to a type of thing, e.g. See the link: What is a work of Art? 24. While this prompt seems to suggest that the application of the knowledge brought forth from the technological world-view, which is the enjoining of the arts and the sciences, is somehow an individual event, there is an implication in the prompt that imagination does not, of itself, bring forth or produce knowledge about our being-in-the-world but plays a role along with other actors in bringing forth that knowledge. After the mind has done so, the rendering of sufficient reasons is what counts as good evidence and a good explanation, and provides the justification for the knowledge claim made about the thing. This is a particularly troublesome prompt because it requires an exploration of the terms impose and ethical obligations. Human beings becoming a subjectum is to be found in the thinking of Descartes. relates some thing to some other thing. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); https://anchor.fm/john-rick-butler/episodes/Introduction-to-Theory-of-Knowledge-An-Alternative-Approach-er4qvq, https://anchor.fm/john-rick-butler/episodes/CT-1-Basic-Concepts-equfll, CT 1: Knowledge and the Knower: Historical Background, CT: The Exhibition: A Glossary of Prompts, The Assault on Truth: Real Life Situations (RLS)Observations, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Introduction, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Dewey and Education, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Christianity: Thoughts on the Lords Prayer, The Natural Sciences as an Area of Knowledge, The Natural Sciences: Historical Background, Notes on Ancient Greek Philosophy and Modern Science, Darwin and Nietzsche: Part II: The Essence of Truth as Representation, Darwin and Nietzsche Part IV: Metaphysics as Logic: The Grounds of the Principle of Reason. Values involve ethics or choices and determinations of what are best ends, what is most useful primarily for the individual and also for the community; virtues involve politics, how to best live in communities. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? Useful to/for whom?
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