India? Updates? There were also contentions about the card-punch system that some counties used, which required voters to puncture a hole for the ticket they had supported, but that left some cards with hanging chads, or pieces of paper dangling from their ballots. The county-level variance from the total number of ballots was 0.76%. Bush led the election-night vote count in Florida by 1,784 votes. Gore, legal case, decided on December 12, 2000, in which the Supreme Court of the United States reversed an order by the Florida Supreme Court for a selective manual recount of that state's U.S. presidential election ballots. *One Gore elector from Washington, D.C., abstained from casting an electoral vote. She was the Florida secretary of state, in charge of legally certifying winners in any statewide vote. The Florida Supreme Court ordered only a recount of so-called "undervotes," about 62,000 ballots where voting machines didnt detect any vote for a presidential candidate. [19]:221234.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. Gore, however, won the popular vote over Bush by some 500,000 votesthe first inversion of the electoral and popular vote since 1888. The results were 49% for Gore and 40% for Bush, with 11% uncertain or not wishing to respond.[86]. Corrections? 3.08 Module Exam (Government) On November 14, the original deadline for reporting results, with the Volusia County recount complete, Bush held a 300-vote lead. In addition, some counties had provided an extra 432 total ballots, while others produced 1,333 fewer ballots than expected. According to standards being applied by each county at the time. Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Bradford, Charlotte, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Hernando, Holmes, Lake, Manatee, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns and Washington Counties, Election day decisions by 17 Optiscan counties not to "manually review overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine", Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Leon, Manatee, Monroe, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns, Suwanee and Washington Counties, Election day decisions by 19 Optiscan counties not to "manually review undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines", Canvassing boards of Collier, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jefferson, Lee, Madison, Marion, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Sarasota, Sumter and Wakulla Counties, Election day decisions by 21 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines", The above 21 boards plus Palm Beach County Canvassing Board, Election day decisions by 22 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine", Decision not to review dimpled ballots with clear indications of intent, Decision to change county's certified vote from the mechanical recount total back to the election night vote total, Decision not to include Palm Beach County's vote recount results (all but 53 precincts) submitted before certification deadline, Decision not to include Miami-Dade County's vote recount results (139 precincts) accomplished before certification deadline. IF the results were "scattered", who would officially be president? What were the long-term consequences of the 2000 election? 2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida, NORC-sponsored Florida Ballot Project recount, County-by-county standards for write-in overvotes in 2000. According to their results, Bush won under stricter standards and Gore won under looser standards. Bush won the Republican nomination after a heated battle against Arizona Senator John McCain in the primaries. Most of the variation occurred in Votomatic overvotes, the least likely ballots to yield votes in a recount. One big question that I have: Why did the Supreme Court decide a recount was unconstitutional? By the time the networks switched Florida to Bush, the Texan had enough Electoral College support to be the projected winner. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Also uncounted were many absentee, military and provisional ballots. The organization analyzed 171,908 ballots (60,647 undervotes and 111,261 overvotes), 3102 less than the later NORC study. Gore, as Bill Clintons vice president for eight years, was the clear favourite in the primary to win the Democratic nomination. The uncertain nature of the later studys findings, which could well apply to both, was aptly and poetically expressed by Palm Beach Post columnist Frank Cerabino: Cerabino: Like sorting grains of sand on a windy day, getting a definitive recount of Floridas votes in last years presidential election has turned out to be an exercise in frustration. Bushs announcement came as roughly 15 percent more votes needed to be counted -- and they were from predominantly blue counties. Due to the narrow margin of the original vote count, Florida Election Code 102.141 mandated a statewide machine recount,[5] which began the day after the election. The Democrats share of the Cuban-American vote dropped dramatically after 1996. [10] The county canvassing board was then to decide whether to do a recount, as well as the method of the recount, in those three precincts. The U.S. Supreme Courts ruling in Bush v. Gore terminated the recount process in Florida in the U.S. presidential election of 2000. The ruling effectively awarded Floridas 25 votes in the electoral collegeand thus the election itselfto Republican candidate George W. Bush. [15], On December 13, Gore conceded the election to Bush in a nationally televised address. The same day, a state judge upheld that deadline but ruled that further recounts could be considered later. The voting is supposed to proceed night and day until a winner is clear. 3.06 Elections and Voting. Florida statutes also required that all counties certify and report their returns, including any recounts, by 5:00p.m. on November 14. [10] Voters from reliably Democratic states in the Northeast had also been migrating to Florida since the 1950s. [84] A Gore win was impossible without a recount of overvotes, which he did not request; however, faxes between Judge Terry Lewis and the canvassing boards throughout the state indicated that Lewis, who oversaw the recount effort, intended to have overvotes counted.[81]. The Court, stating that not meeting the "safe harbor" deadline would therefore violate the Florida Election Code, rejected an extension of the deadline.". While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. a) running for congress b) writing about immigrants c) leading factor riots d) speaking against slavery. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. If they did not send their electoral votes to Congress before the official the deadline to do so, neither Bush nor Gore could have reached 270 electoral votes and a contingent election would have taken place in the House of Representatives for President and in the Senate for Vice President, which would have been super messy and therefore everyone worked hard to avoid that situation. The 2000 election was determined by the American voting public. On December 4, the Court ordered the Florida Supreme Court to clarify its ruling that had extended the certification date. One of them came from the campaign of the Republican nominee, George W. Bush, then governor of Texas. It will go down in history as one of the most closest elections in US history. County officials were unable to deliver as many as 2,200 problem ballots to the investigators that news organizations hired to conduct the recount. He shared his displeasure with someone who was likely to offer a sympathetic ear John Ellis, a Fox analyst and member of the extended Bush family. The study cost nearly $1 million and was the most thorough and comprehensive news-media review of the Florida balloting. 9 terms. "[7] Even an elections supervisor in Madison County was barred from voting; she and others "tried to get the state to rectify the problem, but their pleas fell on deaf ears."[7]. ET on their election night specials, the national networks were calling populous swing states such as Pennsylvania and Michigan for Gore. Bush ultimately prevailed after a strenuous fight, including an especially brutal effort by the Bush campaign in the South Carolina primary. Kohut was among those who saw this flaw even in 2000. The 2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida was a period of vote recounting in Florida that occurred during the weeks after Election Day in the 2000 United States presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore. In this constitutional system, the "will of the people" is an irrelevant abstraction. [80], The NORC was expecting 176,446 uncounted ballots to be available from Florida's counties, based on county precinct reports that produced the final, state-certified vote totals. Judges are either elected or politically appointed, so probably not in the way you are trying to get at. The Associated Press, 11 Nov 2001. A larger consortium of news organizations, including USA Today, The Miami Herald, Knight Ridder, The Tampa Tribune, and five other newspapers next conducted a full recount of all machine-rejected ballots, including both undervotes and overvotes. These lawsuits escalated to the U.S. Supreme Court where the final, 5-4 decision was made, ending the recounts and giving the state of Florida's Electoral votes to George W. Bush. Four counties distributed sample ballots to voters that differed from the actual ballot used on election day, including Duval County, which used a caterpillar ballot, so called because the list of presidential candidates stretched over two pages. By winning Florida, Bush narrowly won the electoral vote over Gore by 271 to 266only 1 more than the required 270 (one Gore elector abstained). [19]:215216 Also, before the election, the Secretary of State's office had expunged tens of thousands of citizens identified as felons from the Florida voting rolls, with African-Americans identified on some counties' lists at up to five times their share of the population. On November 13 the Gore campaign and Volusia and Palm Beach Counties sued to have the deadlines extended.[13]. [11], In late October, one poll found that Gore was leading Bush and third parties by 44424 among registered voters and 46424 among likely voters, but that poll had a margin of error of four percentage points, making the race too close to call. What good and Ideas came from china ? Nine other counties said that it was a possibility, while 49 counties said that they would not have counted reclaimable overvotes per the court's order. County custom standard: what each individual county canvassing board considered a vote, in regard to both undervotes and overvotes. Before long, other networks were hearing the objections and reaching the same conclusion. It was ostensibly completed on November 10 in the 66 Florida counties that used vote-counting machines and reduced Bush's lead to 327 votes. (Three other tallies that are not statewide votes are also in the balance as the recount begins.). Even though four other Optiscan counties (Hamilton, Polk, Seminole, Taylor) manually reviewed machine-rejected ballots for votes to include in their certified totals, Includes increase in Orange County's unofficially revised machine-tabulated vote total, due to machine later counting 512 ballots that were previously machine-rejected ("could not be distinguished from ballots that were accepted and counted they appeared to be properly completed"): Gore 249, Bush 184 (total 433). a. a global recession. 1 / 6. [78] The 175,010 ballots examined contained undervotes (votes with no choice made for president) and overvotes (votes made with more than one choice marked). Three days later, concluding (72) that a fair statewide recount could not be performed in time to meet the December 18 deadline for certifying the states electors, the court issued a controversial 54 decision to reverse the Florida Supreme Courts recount order, effectively awarding the presidency to Bush (see Bush v. Gore). Furthermore, the number of undervotes correlates with how well the punch-card machines are maintained, and not with factors such as race or socioeconomic status. The 2000 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 7, 2000, as part of the nationwide presidential election. The media consortium then analyzed the raw data produced by NORC and drew conclusions. The instructions on the sample ballots said "Vote every page". Both campaigns immediately dispatched teams of lawyers to Florida. "[51], Although Bush spokesman Ari Fleischer said on November 9 that "Palm Beach County is a Pat Buchanan stronghold and that's why Pat Buchanan received 3,407 votes there",[52] Buchanan's Florida coordinator, Jim McConnell, responded by calling that "nonsense", and Jim Cunningham, chairman of the executive committee of Palm Beach County's Reform Party, responded, "I don't think so. The final decision was based on just a few hundred votes in Florida. Fast forward three weeks later on Nov. 26, 2000, the state of Florida declared Bush the winner by just 537 votes. c. 271. Florida state law at the time allowed a candidate to request a manual recount by protesting the results of at least three precincts. The Court further held that it had "considerable uncertainty" as to the reasons given by the Florida Supreme Court for its decision. The court ordered counties to submit returns by November 26, until which time the stay of certification would stand.[59]. [37] Because there was no clear indication of what the voters intended, those numbers were not included in the consortium's final tabulations. Bush or Gore? While the races in Florida last week appeared to be decided by thousands or tens of thousands, the presidential count there in 2000 was being measured in hundreds. 2000 Electoral College Results. Election results in some states, including New Mexico and Oregon, were too close to call, but it was Florida, with its 25 electoral votes, on which the outcome of the election hinged. Preventing the canvassing boards from continuing to conduct recounts beyond the seven-day timeframe (specified in the law, but with ambiguity as to how firm it was intended to be), would "summarily disenfranchise innocent electors [voters]" and could not be allowed unless the recounts continued for so long as to "compromise the integrity of the electoral process." a swing state with challenged votes. a) running for congress b) writing about immigrants c) leading factor riots d) speaking against slavery. It would of taken too much time and money to do a complete re vote. Polk, Hamilton, Seminole, and Taylor Counties, which used the more reliable optical scanners, decided to manually examine unreadable ballots (both undervotes and overvotes) during the counties' electronic recounts, in accordance with those counties' existing policies (see. Including overvotes in the above totals for undervotes gives different margins of victory: The overvotes with write-in names were also noted by Florida State University public policy professor and elections observer, Lance deHaven-Smith, in his interview with Research in Review at Florida State University:[85]. On December 12, 2000, in a 72 ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the Florida Supreme Courts decision that manual recounts of ballots should continue in some counties, holding that the various methods and standards of the recount process violated the equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution. hide caption. [22] At the same time that the Bush campaign was contesting hand recounts in Democratic counties, it accepted hand recounts in Republican counties that gained them 185 votes, including where Republican Party workers had been permitted to correct errors on thousands of applications for absentee ballots for Republicans. Celebrations began in Democratic headquarters everywhere. How long would the recount have taken? United States presidential election of 2000, A History of U.S. Presidential Elections in Maps. Nonetheless, Republicans put significant advertising resources into the state, and later polls indicated that the state was very much in play as late as September 2000. Taylor County determined voter intent on some overvotes; however, it did not include them in its certified results. The Republicans appealed that ruling to the U.S. Supreme Court, which voted 7-2 to end the Florida court's ordered recount. AP: A vote-by-vote review of untallied ballots in the 2000 Florida presidential election indicates George W. Bush would have narrowly prevailed in the partial recounts sought by Al Gore, but. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. United States presidential election of 2000, American presidential election held on Nov. 7, 2000, in which Republican George W. Bush narrowly lost the popular vote to Democrat Al Gore but defeated Gore in the electoral college. [1], The controversy began on election night, November 7, 2000, when the national television networks, using information provided to them by the Voter News Service, an organization formed by the Associated Press to help determine the outcome of the election through early result tallies and exit polling, first called Florida for Gore in the hour after polls closed in the peninsula (in the Eastern time zone) but about ten minutes before they closed in the heavily Republican counties of the panhandle (in the Central time zone). "But," it said, "Gore could not have won without a hand count of overvote ballots, something that he did not request.". ballots recorded by the assigned review coders as either having "multiple marks" or no punches in the presidential section of ballots, or having indications of voter intent (that meet dynamic filter criteria) recorded by just one of three coders. In its opinion, the Supreme Court cited several areas where the Florida Supreme Court had violated both the federal and Florida constitutions. The review's findings were reported in the media during the week after November 12, 2001, by the organizations that funded the recount: Associated Press, CNN, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Washington Post, St. Petersburg Times, The Palm Beach Post and Tribune Publishing, which included the Los Angeles Times, South Florida Sun-Sentinel, Orlando Sentinel and Chicago Tribune. rejected by the Florida Supreme Court in its ruling of December 8, 2000, the lightly populated counties of Gadsden, Hamilton, Lafayette and Union. The longstanding case law in Florida [ ] has held that the intent of the voters as shown by their ballots should be given effect. Nine counties (Alachua, Columbia, DeSoto, Glades, Lake, Sarasota, Seminole, Sumter and Wakulla) reported that it was their intent to count reclaimable overvotes under the Florida Supreme Court order. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Only a fourth of the variance consisted of optical ballots. Taken together with Florida, those states triggered the network's computer programs to conclude Gore would win the Electoral College. Regarding the first issue, the court ruled that, while Harris was generally entitled to deference in her interpretation of state laws, in this case the interpretation "contravene[d] the plain meaning" of the phrase "error in the vote tabulation" and so must be overturned. Florida Elections For Governor And U.S. Senate Heading For Recount. 34K 2.2M views 4 years ago #HistoryChannel Learn how Florida ended up determining whether Al Gore or George W. Bush would win the U.S. presidency in 2000. In the 2000 Election, the State of Florida officials A. declared Al Gore the winner when the recount deadline passed B. decided that the recount should continue in all counties until complete C. decided that the recount procedures went against the U.S. Constitution D. declared George Bush the winner when the recount deadline passed 2 See answers appealed the florida supreme court's decision to allow a hand recount. Print and broadcast media cited often contradictory exit-polling numbers, and the races in Oregon and New Mexico would remain too close to call for some days. As the state has moved toward electronic voting, nothing in this evolution has diminished the standards first articulated in such [judicial] decisions that the intent of the voter is of paramount concern and should be given effect if the voter has complied with the statutory requirement and that intent may be determined. Networks initially projected Gore the winner in Florida, but later they declared that Bush had opened an insurmountable lead. As court challenges were issued over the legality of hand recounts in select counties, news stories were filled with the arcane vocabulary of the election judge. By November 10 the machine recount was complete, and Bushs lead stood at 327 votes out of six million cast. And not in the minds of a generation of Americans who thought the White House should have gone to Gore. By late November the Florida state canvassing board certified Bush the winner by 537 votes, but the election still was unresolved, as legal battles remained. Trained investigators examined 175,010 ballots provided by local election officials. Gore won New Mexico and Oregon over the following few days; but the result in Florida was to be decisive, regardless of how those two states had voted. Viewers around the country would soon see Gore's face on screen as the projected winner of the presidency. Others have a different view. Direct link to Alex Nemchenko's post Why was a re-vote not ena, Posted 7 years ago. On the evening of election dayNovember 7, 2000a clear winner of the presidential election had yet to emerge. In the Election of 2000, Florida was (5 points) Select one: a. first to submit state election results b. a swing state with challenged votes c. overwhelmingly in support of Bush d. overwhelmingly in support of Gore 2 See answers Advertisement HistoryGuy An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector. It also goes down as one of the most controversial. After a rapid-fire of legal efforts from both parties -- similar to litigation efforts by Trumps campaign -- the Florida Supreme Court officially requested a recount of votes in Floridas 67 counties, which Bush then appealed. That call was made in the early morning hours of November 8 by all the TV networks cited above, but not by the AP. decided a hand recount could not be done in time for the electoral college vote [37] Such a statewide review including all uncounted votes was a tangible possibility, as Leon County Circuit Court Judge Terry Lewis, whom the Florida Supreme Court had assigned to oversee the statewide recount, had scheduled a hearing for December 13 (mooted by the U.S. Supreme Court's final ruling on December 12) to consider including overvotes. He is also alleging thatthere have been widespread accounts of voter fraud in these uncalled states. It pitted Republican candidate George W. Bush, then governor of Texas and son of former president George H. W. Bush (1989-1993), and Democratic candidate Al Gore, then Bill Clinton's Vice President. For example, 21,188 of the Florida overvotes, or nearly one-fifth of the total, originated from Duval County, where the presidential ballot was split across two pages and voters were instructed to "vote every page". In punchcard counties, 1 in 25 ballots had uncountable presidential votes. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Bush became the first Republican to win the White House without carrying Palm Beach County since the county's founding in 1909. Florida state election law required a mandatory statewide machine recount. [9] Some late momentum for Gore and his Jewish running mate Joe Lieberman may have come from southern Florida's significant Jewish population. Dispute over the butterfly ballot About 10 p.m. EST on December 12, the United States Supreme Court handed down its ruling. "[5], This initiative occurred without sufficient protection of voting rights. On December 8, the Florida justices, by a 43 vote, rejected the selective use of manual recounts in just four counties and ordered immediate manual recounts of all ballots in the state where no vote for president had been machine-recorded, also known as undervotes. "[6] The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights found that an "overall lack of leadership in protecting voting rights was largely responsible for the broad array of problems in Florida during the 2000 election. On the other hand, he said, Democrats talked like referees with a fear of pushing too hard, not wanting to be seen as sore losers. The recount was in progress on December 9 when the United States Supreme Court, by a 5 to 4 vote (Justices Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg and Breyer dissenting), granted Bush's emergency plea for a stay of the Florida Supreme Court recount ruling, stopping the incomplete recount. The Florida Statutes contemplate that where electronic or electromechanical voting systems are used, no vote is to be declared invalid or void if there is a clear indication of the intent of the voter as determined by the county canvassing board. Subsequent statements by Lewis and internal court documents support the likelihood that overvotes would have been included in the recount. 2000 United States presidential election in Florida, Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican, Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic, The previous closest statewide presidential elections were two in. Shouldn't the electoral college be scrapped then? This immediately reduced the Bush margin from 537 to 154 (537215168 is 154). Consider the fact that babies who were crying in cribs while their parents agonized over Florida's protracted presidential recount in 2000 are now of voting age. a) helping the poor b) writing about slavery c) her Abolitionist newspaper d) running the underground railroad, what was fredrick dounglass best known for? That's a load of high-profile, high-value races. There were two write-in candidates for president who had been qualified by the state of Florida. As USA Today said of the findings on May 11, 2001: USA Today: George W. Bush would have won a hand recount of all disputed ballots in Floridas presidential election if the most widely accepted standard for judging votes had been applied. To know more about presidential election of 2000 visit:-, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . "The states highest officials responsible for ensuring efficiency, uniformity, and fairness in the election failed to fulfill their responsibilities.
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